Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Add the pasta and cook until just shy of al dente, about 1 minute less than package instructions. Drain and set aside, tossing with a bit of olive oil to prevent sticking.
Heat a generous splash of olive oil in a skillet over medium heat. Add the minced garlic and sauté for about 30 seconds, until fragrant and just starting to turn golden, filling the kitchen with warm aroma.
Add the sliced bell peppers and zucchini to the skillet. Toss everything together and cook for about 3-4 minutes, stirring frequently, until the vegetables soften slightly and release their bright scent.
Stir in the halved cherry tomatoes and cook for another 2 minutes until they start to burst and release their juicy acidity. The vegetables should be crisp-tender with vibrant colors.
Add the cooked pasta to the skillet, tossing gently to combine all the ingredients. Cook together for 1-2 minutes until everything is heated through and coated with the fragrant oils.
Sprinkle the freshly grated Parmesan cheese over the top, tossing again to evenly distribute the cheesy goodness and create a slightly glossy finish. Serve immediately for the best texture and flavor.