Remove the skin and any pin bones from the salmon, then cut it into evenly sized 1-inch cubes. Pat the pieces dry with paper towels so the seasoning adheres well.
Add the salmon cubes to a bowl and toss with olive oil, garlic powder, smoked paprika, chili powder, sea salt, and black pepper until every piece is evenly coated.
In a small bowl, whisk together the mayonnaise, sweet chili sauce, sriracha, and rice vinegar until smooth. Refrigerate while preparing the rest of the bowl.
Preheat the air fryer to 390°F. Arrange the seasoned salmon in a single layer and air fry for 7–8 minutes, turning or shaking the basket halfway through, until the salmon is cooked through and lightly crisp on the edges.
While the salmon cooks, prepare the brown rice, edamame, shredded carrots, cucumber, and pickled onions. Warm the rice if using leftovers or pre-cooked rice.
Divide the warm rice between two bowls. Arrange the edamame, carrots, cucumber, and pickled onions around the rice, then place the hot air-fried salmon on top.
Sprinkle with cilantro and green onions, then drizzle generously with the bang bang sauce. Serve immediately while the salmon is warm and the vegetables are fresh and crisp.